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Organic virtual practice
Chitani zoyeserera motsatira njira izi:
Gawo 1: Ikani madontho 5 a 0.5% CuSO4 yankho mu chubu choyezera choyera.
Khwerero 2: Onjezani 1 ml ya 10% yankho la NaOH ku chubu choyesera, gwedezani bwino; Decant yankho, kusunga mpweya.
Kukonzekera Cu(OH)2 yolimba ya buluu kuchokera ku 2NaOH + CuSO4 → Cu(OH)2 yolimba + Na2SO4
Khwerero 3: Onjezani 2 ml ya 1% ya shuga mu chubu choyesera, gwedezani bwino.
Glucose + olimba Cu(OH)2 kachitidwe kamapezeka pa t0 → njira ya buluu yovuta. Onetsani kuti Glucose ali ndi magulu ambiri -OH oyandikana wina ndi mnzake (poliancol).
Ndi ziti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi? cholakwika?
A. Pambuyo pa sitepe 3, mpweyawo unasungunuka, kutulutsa njira ya buluu.
B. Ngati yankho la NaOH mu sitepe 2 lasinthidwa ndi yankho la KOH, chodabwitsa mu sitepe 3 chidakali chimodzimodzi.
C. Kuyesera pamwambapa kunatsimikizira kuti glucose ali ndi mphamvu ya aldehyde.
D. Mugawo 3, ngati shuga wasinthidwa ndi fructose, zomwezi zimachitikanso. (ndime 33_kodi 201)
Zambiri monga pamwambapa…
Ndi ziti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi? cholakwika?
A. Pambuyo pa sitepe 3, mpweyawo unasungunuka, kutulutsa njira ya buluu.
B. Pagawo 2, mvula yabuluu idawonekera mu chubu choyesera.
C. Mu gawo 3, shuga amasinthidwa kukhala gluconic acid.
Zolakwika chifukwa uku sikuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa okosijeni; ndipo mankhwalawo ndi ovuta-osati gluconic acid.
D. Kuyesa pamwambapa kumatsimikizira kuti glucose ali ndi magulu ambiri oyandikana a OH. (ndime 35_kodi 203)
Chitani zoyeserera motsatira njira izi:
Gawo 1: Ikani 1 ml ya 1% AgNO3 yankho mu chubu choyezera choyera.
Khwerero 2: Onjezani NH3 yankho dontho ndi dontho, gwedezani bwino mpaka mpweya utasungunuka kwathunthu.
Kukonzekera Ag + complex solution - konzekerani kuyankha kwasiliva
AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O → AgOH mpweya + NH4NO3
AgOH mpweya + 3NH3 → yankho
Khwerero 3: Onjezani pafupifupi 1 ml ya 1% yankho la shuga mu chubu choyesera; Kutenthetsa pang'ono
Zomwe zimachitika
Glu + Ag+ → Ammonium gluconate mchere + Ag0 + H2O
Ndi ziti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi? cholakwika?
A. Zomwe zimapangidwira pambuyo pa gawo 3 ndi sobitol.
B. Pambuyo pa sitepe 3, pali pepala lachitsulo pakhoma la chubu choyesera.
C. Gawo 3, kutentha pang'ono kumatha kusinthidwa ndikumiza chubu choyesera m'madzi otentha.
D. Kuyesera pamwambapa kunatsimikizira kuti glucose ali ndi mphamvu ya aldehyde. (ndime 31_kodi 204)
Synthetic organic theory
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, formaldehyde imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyowetsa zitsanzo za nyama (…chabwino kapena cholakwika…?…).
(b) Mafuta anyama ali ndi mafuta ochuluka (molekyulu yokhala ndi ma saturated hydrocarbon radicals).
(c) Njira ya kagayidwe ka wowuma m'thupi la munthu imakhala ndi hydrolysis reaction.
(d) Popanga tofu kuchokera ku mkaka wa soya, protein coagulation imachitika.
(d) Nsalu za silika zimawonongeka msanga ngati zitaviikidwa, kutsukidwa ndi sopo wamchere.
Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola ndi A. 2. | B. 4. | C. 5. | D. 3. (ndime 37_kodi 201)
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, formaldehyde imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyowetsa zitsanzo za nyama.
(b) Kokonati mafuta ali unsaturated mafuta (mamolekyu zochokera unsaturated hydrocarbons).
(c) Njira ya kagayidwe ka wowuma m'thupi la munthu imakhala ndi hydrolysis reaction.
(d) Zigamba za “Msuzi wa Nkhanu” zimawonekera pophika msuzi wa nkhanu chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa mapuloteni.
(d) Nsalu za silika zimawonongeka msanga ngati zitaviikidwa, kutsukidwa ndi sopo wamchere.
Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola ndi A. 3. | | B. 2. | C. 5. | D. 4. (ndime 37_kodi 203)
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Ethanol ali mu kapangidwe ka E5 biofuel.
(b) Chigawo chachikulu cha ulusi wa thonje ndi jute ndi wowuma.
(c) "Nkhanu zigamba" zomwe zimawonekera pophika msuzi wa nkhanu zimachitika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa mapuloteni.
(d) Nsalu za silika zimawonongeka msanga ngati zitaviikidwa, kutsukidwa ndi sopo wamchere.
(e) Kokonati mafuta ali unsaturated mafuta (mamolekyu a unsaturated hydrocarbons).
Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola ndi A. 5. | B. 3. | | C. 2. | D. 4. (ndime 30_kodi 204)
Synthetic inorganic theory
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Electrolysis ya NaCl yosungunuka, yopereka Na zitsulo pa cathode.
(b) Chigawo chachikulu cha superphosphate iwiri ndi Ca(H2PO4)2.
(c) Ngati chidutswa chachitsulo chimasungidwa mumlengalenga wonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwonongeka kwa electrochemical kudzachitika.
(d) Mpweya wa CO2 mu njira ya Ca(HCO3)2, unapeza mpweya.
Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola ndi A. 3. | | B. 4. | C. 2. | D. choyamba. (Ndime 40_201)
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Kutentha kwambiri. Al zitsulo akhoza kuchepetsa Fe2O3.
(b) Electrolysis ya NaCl yosungunuka, kutulutsa mpweya wa Cl2 pa anode.
(c) Chigawo chachikulu cha superphosphate iwiri ndi Ca(H2PO4)2.
(d) Kuwotcha waya wachitsulo mu mpweya wa Cl2 kumachitika dzimbiri la electrochemical.
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Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola Kukhala A. 4. | B. 1. | | C. 2. | D. 3. (Ndime 30_203)
Perekani ziganizo zotsatirazi:
(a) Phulusa lodzala ndi K2CO3 ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu.
(b) Electrolysis ya CuSO4 solution, kupeza Cu zitsulo pa cathode.
(c) Onjezani yankho la BaCl2 ku yankho la KHSO4, mvula imapezeka.
(d) Pamene Fe ndodo mu CuSO4 njira, electrochemical dzimbiri kumachitika.
Chiwerengero cha ziganizo zolondola ndi A. 2. | B. 4. | C. 3. | | D. choyamba. (Ndime 39_204)
Mafuta Acids ndi Mafuta Masamu
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi oleic acid, palmitic acid, ndi triglyceride X (chiŵerengero cha molar ndi 3: 2: 1, motsatira).
Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mg E kumangofunika 4.0 mol O2, kutulutsa CO2 ndi H2O. Kumbali inayi, kuti mg wa E utope ndi njira yotentha ya NaOH, organic product ya glycerol ndi 47.08 magalamu osakaniza awiri amchere adapezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa X mu E ndi A. 38.72 %. B. 37.25%. C. 37.99 peresenti. D. 39.43 %. (Ndime 31_201)
Onani yankho apa
E = {3x mol C17H33COOH2x mol C15H31COOH1x mole yamafuta X ndi C3H5(OOC-C17H33)…(OOC-C15H31)…}
Sinthani E = {5x mol H x mol C3H5 , y mol C17H33COO ndi z mol C15H31COO ndi y+z=8x*}
Kuwotcha E ndiye
H + O2 → H2OC3H5 + O2 → CO2 + H2OC17H33COO + O2 → CO2 + H2OC15H31COO + O2 → CO2 + H2O Tiyeni tilinganize zomwe zili pamwambapa; kapena ngati pali ntchito yozama yamkati ... ndiye gwiritsani ntchito masewera omenyera nkhondo Sungani timadontho ta ma elekitironi opereka !!!… 5x + 17x + 101y + 91z = 4.4*
Kupatsidwa E + NaOH → 47.08 magalamu a mchere awiri {y mol C17H33COONA ndi z mol C15H31COONA}
kunja zambiri 304y + 278z = 47.08*
Mphoto * Pitani kokayenda x = 0.02y = 0.1 ndi z = 0.06
Mu X zikuphatikizapo
3x = 0.06 mol C17H33COOH (M = 282) 2x = 0.04 mol C15H31COOH (M = 256) x = 0.02 mol mafuta X. omwe aakulu kwambiri C17H33COO = y = 0.1 mol; choyambirira C15H31COO = z = 0.06 mol kotero mafuta X ali ndi 0.04 C17H33COO- ndi 0.02 C15H31COO-mafuta X ndi (C17H33COO)2(C15H31COO)choyambaC3H5 = 0.02 mol (M = 858) ndiye werengera %X = 38.72
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi oleic acid, palmitic acid ndi glycerol X (chiwerengero cha molar ndi 4: 3: 2).
Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mg wa E kumangofunika 3.26 mol O2, kutulutsa CO2 ndi H2O. Kumbali inayi, kuti mg wa E utope ndi njira yotentha ya NaOH, organic product ya glycerol ndi 38.22 magalamu a osakaniza awiri amchere amapezeka. Kuchuluka kwa X mu E ndi A. 45.95 %. B. 47.51 %. C. 48.25%. D. 46.74 %. (Ndime 32_203)
Chonde muzimasuka kuchita.
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi oleic acid, palmitic acid ndi triglyceride X (chiwerengero cha molar ndi 1: 1: 2).
Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mg wa E kumafunika komanso okwanira 4.07 mol O2, kutulutsa CO2 ndi H2O. Kumbali inayi, kuti mg wa E utope ndi njira yotentha ya NaOH, organic product ya glycerol ndi 47.08 magalamu osakaniza awiri amchere adapezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa X mu E ndi A. 75.57 %. B. 76.67 %. C. 76.13 %. D. 74.98 %. (Ndime 36_204)
Chonde muzimasuka kuchita.
Masamu Amine (giredi 12) ndi Alkenes (giredi 11)
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi ma amine awiri X (CnHmN), Y (CnHm+1N2, yokhala ndi n ≥2) ndi ma alkene awiri otsatirawa. Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa 0.08 mol E,
analandira 0,03 mol N2, 0,22 mol CO2 ndi 0,30 mol H2O. Misa peresenti ya X mu E ndi A. 43.38 %. | | B. 57.84 %. | | C. 18.14 %. D. 14.46 %. (Ndime 32_201)
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi 2 amines X (CnHmN), Y (CnHm+1N2, yokhala ndi n ≥2) ndi ma alkene awiri otsatirawa. Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa 0.05 mol E,
analandira 0,02 mol N2, 0,14 mol CO2 ndi 0,19 mol H2O. Misa peresenti ya X mu E ndi A. 45.04 %. | | B. 28.24 %. | | C. 22.52 %. | | D. 56.49 %. (ndime 36_kodi 203)
Kusakaniza E kumakhala ndi ma amine awiri X (CnHmN), Y(CnHm+1N2, pomwe n ≥ 2) ndi ma alkene awiri otsatirawa. Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa 0.11 mol E,
analandira 0,05 mol N2, 0,30 mol CO2 ndi 0,42 mol H2O. Misa peresenti ya X mu E ndi A. 40.41 %. | | B. 38.01%. | | C. 70.72 %. | | D. 30.31 %. (ndime 40_kodi 204)
Advanced electrochemical series masamu
Onjezani chisakanizo cha X chopangidwa ndi mol Fe ndi 0,25 mol Mg ku yankho Y lomwe lili ndi Cu(NO3)2 ndi AgNO3 (chiŵerengero cha molar 1: 2).
Zochitazo zitamalizidwa, yankho la Z ndi 61.6 magalamu a T olimba okhala ndi zitsulo zitatu adapezedwa. Sungunulani T yonse mopitirira muyeso wotentha kwambiri wa H2SO4, kutulutsa 0.55 mol SO2 (chotsitsa chokha cha H2SO4). Mtengo wa a A. 0.30. | | B. 0.20. | | C. 0.25. | | D. 0.35. (ndime 34_kodi 201)
Onjezani chisakanizo cha X chopangidwa ndi mol wa Fe ndi 0,2 mol wa Mg ku yankho Y lokhala ndi Cu(NO3)2 ndi AgNO3 (molar ratio 2:3).
Zochitazo zitamalizidwa, yankho la Z ndi 50.8 magalamu a T olimba okhala ndi zitsulo zitatu adapezedwa. Sungunulani T yonse mopitirira muyeso wotentha wokhazikika wa H2SO4, kutulutsa 0.5 mol SO2 (chinthu chokhacho chochepetsera cha H2SO4). Mtengo wa a A. 0.15. | | B. 0.20. | | C. 0.25. | | D. 0.30. (ndime 29_kodi 203)
Onjezani chisakanizo cha X chopangidwa ndi mol Fe ndi 0,45 mol Mg ku yankho Y yokhala ndi Cu(NO3)2 ndi AgNO3 (2:1 molar ratio, motsatana).
Zomwezo zitatha, yankho la Z ndi 87.6 magalamu a T olimba azitsulo zitatu adapezedwa. Sungunulani T yonse mu H2SO4 yotentha kwambiri, yokhazikika, kutulutsa 1.2 mol SO2 (chinthu chokhacho chochepetsera cha H2SO4). Mtengo wa a A. 0.30. | | B. 0.50. | | C. 0.60. | | D. 0.750. (ndime 35_kodi 204)
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