Các Công Thức Hóa Học Lớp 8 Cần Nhớ, Tóm Tắt Công Thức Hóa Học Lớp 8 Cả Năm Chi Tiết

Ma Formula Onse a 8 Chemistry Formulas Basic Giredi 8, 9 Chemical Formulas Oti Mukumbukire Chidule cha Mafomula a Chemistry a Sitandade 8 - Mutu 1 Ma formula a Chemical | Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kupanga chilinganizo cha mankhwala ngati mukudziwa valence 1. Pangani formula ya element 2. Pangani gulu

Mitundu yonse ya 8 ya mankhwala

I. MOL (MOL) Fomula Yowerengera

1. Ndi kulemera kwake: n = m/M Komwe: m: misa M: molecular mass, molar massChitsanzo 1Onjezani 2.4 magalamu a Mg kupitirira muyeso wa HCl. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa haidrojeni wopezeka pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika. (Za Mg=24)2. Ndi voliyumu (kwa gasi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika): n = V/22.4 Kumene: V ndi kuchuluka kwa gasi Chitsanzo 2 Onjezani magalamu 6.75 azitsulo zotayidwa kuti muchepetse H2SO4. Zochitazo zikamalizidwa, malita 3.36 a gasi amapezedwa (dktc) .a. Lembani equation ya zomwe zimachitika.b. Werengetsani kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe wapeza pambuyo pochitapo kanthu.(Kupatsidwa: Zn = 65; H = 1; S = 32; O = 16)

II. FORMULA YOWERENGA ZOTSATIRA ZOTHANDIZA

1. Molar concentration/lita (CM)CM = n/V (M)

Bạn đang xem: Các Công Thức Hóa Học Lớp 8 Cần Nhớ, Tóm Tắt Công Thức Hóa Học Lớp 8 Cả Năm Chi Tiết

Chitsanzo 3

Kuti muchepetse 200 magalamu a 10% NaOH yankho, ndi magalamu angati a 3.65% HCl solution amafunikira.

Mukuwona: ma formula 8 a mankhwala oti mukumbukire

(kwa Na = 23; Cl = 35.5; O = 16; H = 1)

Chitsanzo 4

Pa 200ml ya 8% ya NaOH yankho ndi D = 1.15g/ml imachita ndi 380g ya MgCl25% yankho.

Lembani PTH. Chatsala ndi chiyani? Werengani kuchuluka kwa zotsalira. Mukachotsa mpweyawo, werengerani C% yazinthu zomwe zatsala pambuyo pa zomwe zachitika.

Ndi zimenezotu guys

Njira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi ndi

Njira yolumikizirana C%, CM, kachulukidwe D

Fomula yowerengera kachulukidwe (D)

Kukhazikika %

Fomula ya kuchuluka kwake

Peresenti ndi misa: Peresenti ndi voliyumu (yomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho):

Ma formula a chemistry a giredi 8, 9 kukumbukira

Njira zoyambira za giredi 8 zomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndi izi: formula yowerengera kuchuluka kwa timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho tambirimbiri, njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa ndende ya %, njira yowerengera misa, njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa yankho ...

21 mankhwala kalasi 8, 9 kukumbukiraCommon FormulasFomula yowerengera kuchuluka kwa yankho
️ MAPHUNZIRO A CHEMICAL

Chidule cha mitundu 8 yamankhwala oyenera kukumbukira - mutu 1

Grade 8 Chemistry imayambitsa ophunzira ku chidziwitso choyambirira cha Chemistry. Kodi chinthu ndi chiyani, chinthu chamankhwala ndi chiyani. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa atomu ndi molekyu? Kuphatikiza apo, anawo amaphunziranso mitundu ina ya mankhwala.

Pansipa pali chidule cha mitundu 8 ya mankhwala oti mukumbukire m'mutu woyamba: Zinthu - Maatomu - Mamolekyulu - Valence. Makamaka, ma formula okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa atomiki, molekyulu ya molekyulu, valency rule of a substance.

1, Phatikizani mitundu 8 yamankhwala kuti mukumbukire - Gawo 1: Zinthu - Maatomu

Dziwani zambiri za Quality

Chinthu chili paliponse, pamene pali chinthu, pali chinthu.

Chinthu chopangidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, ma ketulo a aluminiyamu amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, njinga zachitsulo, aluminiyamu, ndi labala.

Chilichonse chimakhala ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, madzi amawira pa madigiri 100 Celsius ndipo amaundana pa 0. Shuga ndi wotsekemera, mkuwa ndi wofiira.

Kusakaniza: Zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zosakanikirana zimatchedwa kusakaniza. Dziwani kuti madzi achilengedwe amapangidwa ndi miscibles yambiri, yomwe imakhala yosakaniza. Madzi osungunuka ndi oyera

Kulekana kwa zinthu ndi zosakaniza: Kutengera kusiyana kwa zinthu zakuthupi monga kusungunuka, mfundo zowira za zinthu, ndizotheka kulekanitsa chinthu ndi chosakaniza.

Dziwani zambiri za Atomu

Atomu imatanthauzidwa ngati tinthu tating'ono kwambiri komanso tating'onoting'ono tamagetsi.

Mapangidwe a atomu amakhala ndi chipolopolo cha atomiki ndi nyukiliyasi ya atomiki

Khungu la atomu lili ndi mitundu itatu ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono: mapulotoni owoneka bwino, ma neutroni osachangidwa, ndi ma elekitironi oyendetsedwa molakwika.

Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka nyukiliya ya atomiki

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a nyukiliyasi ya atomu

Ma atomu salowerera pamagetsi, kotero kuti ma protoni ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi. Ndili ndi formulap = ndi.Ichi ndi chimodzi mwaBasic Chemical formulations thcsMa electron nthawi zonse amayenda mozungulira phata ndipo amasanjidwa mu zigawo Mapulotoni ndi ma neutroni ali ndi kulemera kofanana. Tili ndi chilinganizo: m (p) = m(n) electron ili ndi misa yaying'ono kwambiri, kotero kulemera kwa nyukiliya ndi kulemera kwa nyukiliyasi. Tili ndi chilinganizo: m (atomu) = m (phata)

Chidziwitso choyambirira cha Chemical Elements

Chemical element: Kutolere kwa maatomu amtundu womwewo,kukhala ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha ma protoni mu nyukiliyasi. Chigawo chilichonse chamankhwala chimayimiridwa ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala. Chitsanzo: Na, K, S, Cl, Fe

Misa ya atomiki ndi kuchuluka kwa atomu mu mayunitsi a carbon. Atomu iliyonse imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwake,

Mpweya wa carbon (unitC): 1 unitC = 1/12 m (Kaboni)

Kuchuluka kwa atomiki C - m (Kaboni) = 1.9926. 10-23

2, Phatikizani mitundu 8 yamankhwala kuti mukumbukire - Gawo 2: Mamolekyulu

Molekyu ndi choyimira cha chinthu, chopangidwa ndi ma atomu angapo olumikizidwa palimodzi ndikuyimira kwathunthu za mankhwala a chinthucho.

Mamolekyu amabwera m’njira ziwiri, maelementi ndi zinthu zina

Zinthu: ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chamankhwala. Mpweya wa haidrojeni (H2) ndi chinthu chimodzi, chopangidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chamankhwala, haidrojeni. Mu zinthu zoyambira, zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zitsulo ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Zitsulo zinthu ndi plasticity, madutsidwe magetsi, madutsidwe matenthedwe, zitsulo luster, etc. Compounds: ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena kuposa mankhwala. NaCl ndi mankhwala, opangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri za mankhwala, sodium (Na) ndi klorini (Cl). Kapangidwe ka molekyulu ya nitric acid (HNO3)

Full mankhwala chilinganizoWerengani kulemera kwa mamolekyu:

Molecular mass = molecular mass (dvC) = chiwerengero chonse cha maatomu a element. Atomic Block

Chitsanzo cha chinthu chosavuta: Molekyu ya nayitrojeni imakhala ndi ma atomu a 2 N. Choncho, molekyulu ya nayitrogeni ndi yofanana ndi 2 kuchulukitsa kwa atomiki ya N atomu ndipo ndi yofanana ndi 2.14 = 28 (dvC).

Chitsanzo chophatikiza: Molekyu ya hydrochloric acid (HCl) imapangidwa ndi atomu imodzi ya haidrojeni (H) ndi atomu imodzi ya klorini (Cl). Choncho molekyulu ya hydrochloric acid imawerengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa ma atomiki a H ndi Cl ndipo ndi ofanana ndi 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 (dvC).

3, Phatikizani mitundu 8 yamankhwala kuti mukumbukire - Gawo 3: Mapangidwe a Chemical

Njira yamankhwala ya chinthu imayimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri, A ndi Ax.

Kumene A nthawi zambiri amakhala chinthu chachitsulo chokhala ndi zinthu zingapo zopanda zitsulo, mwachitsanzo Na, Fe, Cu, P, C, S, ndi Ax nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi maatomu awiri ogwirizana: O2, H2, N2

Njira yamakina ophatikizira ndi formula AxByCz

Kumene A, B, ndi C ndi zizindikiro za mankhwala, ndipo x, y, ndi z ndi zolembera, kusonyeza chiwerengero cha ma atomu a chinthu mu molekyulu.

Xem thêm: typo là gì

Tanthauzo la chilinganizo cha mankhwala: Mapangidwe a mankhwala a chinthu chilichonse amawonetsa

Chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zimapanga chinthuNambala ya ma atomu a chinthu chilichonse Molecular mass

Mwachitsanzo, sulfuric acid ili ndi chilinganizo cha mankhwala H2SO4

Choncho sulfuric acid amapangidwa ndi 3 zinthu H, S, O

Mu molekyulu imodzi ya sulfuric acid muli ma atomu 2 H, ma atomu a 1 S ndi ma atomu 4 O.

Mamolekyu a 1 molekyu ya sulfuric acid ndi 2.1 + 1.32 + 4.16 = 98 (dvC).

4, Phatikizani mitundu 8 yamankhwala kuti mukumbukire - Gawo 4: Chemotherapy

Valence ya chinthu (kapena gulu la ma atomu) ndi nambala yomwe imayimira mphamvu yolumikizana ya atomu (kapena gulu la ma atomu), yotsimikiziridwa ndi

Valency ya H, valency ya H imasankhidwa ngati unit, valency ya H ndi 1 unit

Valence ya O ndi mayunitsi 2

Lamulo lowerengera: AxBy-> nkhwangwa = ndi

Ichi ndiye chilinganizo chofunikira kwambiri cha valence, kuchokera ku formula yomwe tili nayoChemical formulas grade 9zokhudzana ndi chemotherapy pambuyo pake

M'menemo

a, b ndi valence ya element.

x, y ndi index kapena chiwerengero cha ma atomu a element

5, Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamakemikolo zamtundu wa 8 zomwe muyenera kukumbukira

Zochita 1: Chiwerengero chonse cha ma protoni, ma neutroni, ndi ma electron mu atomu ndi 28, momwe chiwerengero cha particles chosachapitsidwa ndi 10. Werengani chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'ono tamtundu uliwonse.

Njira yothetsera

Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi nyutroni, kotero n = 10

Chiwerengero chonse cha ma protoni, ma neutroni ndi ma elekitironi mu atomu ndi 28, kotero timagwiritsa ntchito.Ma formula 8 a mankhwala oti mukumbukirekukhala ndi p + n + e = 28 (1)

Popeza chiwerengero cha ma protoni ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma electron, kuchokera ku (1) tili ndi 2p + n = 28, koma n = 10, kotero tili ndi p = chiwerengero cha e = 9

Chifukwa chake tili ndi ma protoni ndi ma electron ndi 9, ma neutroni ndi 10.

Ntchito 2: a) Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa molekyulu ya chinthu chilichonse mwa izi: nitric acid, calcium sulfate, iron III oxide, barium hydroxide

b) kudziwa kuchuluka kwa % ya okosijeni mu mamolekyu aliwonse pamwambapa

Njira yothetsera

a) asidi wa nitric: HNO3 ili ndi molekyulu ya M = 1 + 14 + 3.16 = 63 (dvC)

calcium sulphate: CaSO4 ili ndi molecular mass of M = 40 + 32 + 4.16 = 120 (dvC)

chitsulo III okusayidi: Fe2O3 ili ndi molekyulu ya M = 56.2 + 16.3 = 160 (dvC)

barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 ali ndi molecular mass of M = 137 + 2.(16+1) = 171 (dvC)

b)% Oxygen mu nitric acid ndi: 3.16 / 63 = 76.19%

% Oxygen mu calcium sulfate ndi: 4.16/120 = 53.33%

% Oxygen mu iron III oxide ndi: 16.3/160 = 30%

Oxygen mu barium hydroxide: 32/171 = 18.71%

Nazi zonseMa formula 8 a mankhwala oti mukumbukirezokhudzana ndi mutu woyamba wa chemistry ya giredi 8: Zinthu - Maatomu - Mamolekyulu - Valence. Kuti athe kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi omwe ali mu gawoli, ophunzira akuyenera kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zili mu phunziroli komanso kuwunikanso mosamala zitsanzo zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Chemical Formula | Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zopanga mankhwala ngati mukudziwa valency

Kupanga mafomu a Chemistry ndi amodzi mwamitundu yambiri yamavuto mukamaphunzira Chemistry mu giredi 8 ndi malangizo athunthu. Tiyenera kudziwa momwe tingachitire komanso zolemba zina zofunika kwambiri kuti tipange ma formula mwachangu komanso molondola

1. Pangani chilinganizo cha chinthu chimodzi

Pangani chilinganizo chamankhwala cha Metal

Mapangidwe a mankhwala amagawidwa m'magulu monga chitsulo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi chizindikiro chachitsulo chachitsuloEx: Natrium's chemical formula is NaKalium's chemical formula is KCalcium's chemical formula is CaThe chemical formula of Iron is Fe.

Pangani Chemistry ya Nonmetals

The chemical formula of non-metals nthawi zambiri amakhala mu mawonekedwe a gasi, kotero pamene asonyezedwa pa chemical formula nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi ma atomu awiri a chinthu chosakhala chitsulo chomangika pamodziMwachitsanzo: Hydrogen chemical formula ndi H2The chemical formula The chemistry of Chlorine is Cl2The chemical formula ya nayitrogeni ndi N2Mpangidwe wa mankhwala a okosijeni ndi O2 Migwirizano ina ina, mankhwala a chinthu chopanda chitsulo amathanso kukhala chizindikiro cha mankhwalaMwachitsanzo: The chemical formula of Carbon is C The chemical formula The chemistry of Phosphorus is P The chemical formula of the compound. Sulphur formulary ndi S

2. Pangani ndondomeko ya pawiri

Mankhwala ophatikizika ndi chisakanizo chopangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zosiyana.

Onaninso: Momwe Mungatanthauzire Dongosolo Lomasulira Logulitsa

Pamene tikupanga mankhwala timafunika kudziwa bwino malamulo a valency.Kodi valency ndi chiyani?Chemotherapy ndiatomu ya chinthucho imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu omwe atomu ya chinthucho imapanga mu molekyulu

Kodi lamulo la chemotherapy ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani za mankhwala omwe ali ndi chilinganizo chonse

3. Chemistry Formula Exercises

Ntchito 1: Lembani makonzedwe a mankhwala a mankhwala awa: a. Perekani mankhwala a Cu(II) ndi Chlorine kuti apange Copper ChlorideYankho:- Imbani fomula wamba wa pawiri

Malinga ndi lamulo la valence tili ndi: 2x=y Kusankha x=1, y=2 timapeza mankhwala a copper chloride ndi

b. Perekani chilinganizo cha mankhwala pakati pa Al ndi (NO3) kuti mupange Aluminiyamu Nitrates Yankho: - Imbani chilinganizo chamankhwala chapawiri

- Malingana ndi lamulo la valence lomwe tili nalo: 3x=y Kusankha x=1, y=3 timapeza mankhwala a Aluminium Nitrate monga

Xem thêm: life expectancy là gì

c.Pangani mankhwala a Calcium Phosphate okhala ndi element Ca ndi gulu la phosphate (PO4) lokhala ndi nambala 3 ya valence

- Malingana ndi malamulo a valence omwe tili nawo: 2x = 3y Kusankha x = 3, y = 2 timapeza mankhwala a Calcium phosphate monga

Phunziro 2: Pangani mankhwala achitsulo ndi valence yofananira mu fomula FeCl2 ndi (OH) gulu lokhala ndi valence I.