Ma formula a Chemical a Siredi 9 Omaliza KwambiriChaputala 2. ZitsuloChaputala 4. Ma Hydrocarbons The 9th Grade Laws of Conservation of Chemistry
The kwambiri 9 kalasi mankhwala formulations
Mutu 1. Mitundu ya Zosakaniza Zachilengedwe
Fomu yamavuto CO2/SO2 ikuchita ndi yankho la alkaline
Ma acid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi CO2 ndi SO2. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi lye:
Gulu 1: NaOH, KOH (valent metal I)
Gulu 2: Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 (valence zitsulo II)
Njira yothetsera
1. Vuto la CO2, SO2 lotsogolera ku NaOH, KOH
CO2 (kapena SO2) ikakumana ndi yankho la NaOH, pamakhala mipangidwe itatu yamchere:
CO2+ 2NaOH → Na2CO3+ H2O (1)
CO2 + NaOH → NaHCO3(2)
Ikani T = nNaOH/nCO2
Ngati T = 2: pangani mchere wa Na2CO3 wokha
Ngati T ≤ 1: pangani mchere wa NaHCO3 wokha
Ngati 1 3 ndi Na2CO3
2. Vuto la CO2, SO2 lotsogolera ku Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 .
Popeza sitikudziwa kuti mcherewo ndi uti, tiyenera kuwerengera chiŵerengero cha T:
Ca(OH)2+ CO2→ CaCO3↓ + H2O (1)
Ca(OH)2+ 2CO2→ Ca(HCO3)2(2)
Khazikitsani T = nCO2: nCa(OH)2
Ngati T 1: CaCO3 yokhayo imapangidwa mchere
Ngati T = 2: kokha Ca(HCO3)2. mchere umapangidwa
Ngati 1 3 ndi Ca(HCO3)2
Mutu 2. Chitsulo
1. Njira yowonjezerera ndi kuchepetsa mawu
A+B2(SO4)n→ A2(SO4)m+ B
Mlandu 1: mA (tan)B (gwiritsitsani)
mB (chophatikizira) – mA (sungunuka) = phindu la mmetal
Mlandu 2: mA (sungunuka) > mB (gwiritsitsani)
m A (kusungunuka) – m B (kuphatikiza) = m kuchepetsa zitsulo
️ MAPHUNZIRO A CHEMICAL
2. Kuteteza misa
m zinthu zokhudzidwa = m zinthu zopangidwa
m zitsulo bar + m yankho = m’zitsulo bar + m yankho
Thermic reaction ya aluminiyamu:
nH2= nFe+ (3/2) .nAl
nH2 = nFe + (3/2) .nAl
Mutu 3. Nonmetal
Pamachitidwe a C, CO, ndi H2, kuchuluka kwa timadontho ta CO = nCO2, nC = nCO2, nH2 = nH2O.
Mukuwona: Gulu la 9 Chemistry Formula
maverage gain= kuyamwa
mdd kuwonjezeka = kuyamwa – kuwerengera
m dd kuchepetsa = m mvula – m kuyamwa
Mutu 4. Ma hydrocarbons
1. Pangani mamolekyulu a ma organic compounds
Khwerero 1: Pezani kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a organic compound
Unyinji wa nsabwe za organic ukhoza kuwerengedwa motere:
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma molar a organic compounds: M = 12x + y + 16z (g/mol)
Kutengera mgwirizano pakati pa misa ndi kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho: M = m/n
Malingana ndi kachulukidwe (Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mpweya): dA/B = MA/MB; dA/kk= MA/Mkk=MA/29
Khwerero 2: Pangani mamolekyulu a organic compound
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu: %mC/12 = %mH/1 = %mO/16
Kutengera njira yosavuta: Chizindikiro cha mamolekyulu (CTPT), njira yosavuta = CTGGN
CTPT = (GDT)n
2. Pezani chilinganizo cha mamolekyu mwa kuyaka kachitidwe ka organic compounds
Gawo 1:Perekani ndondomeko ya organic compound: CxHyOz
Gawo 2:Sinthani kuchuluka kwake kukhala ma moles.
Gawo 3: Lembani generale equation ya kuyaka kwake:
(choyamba)
Gawo 4:Khazikitsani chiŵerengero cha molar cha zinthu mu fomula
Pezani kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse
(2)
TH1: mCxHyOz= mC+ mH=> mO=0, mu molecular formula muli C ndi H (hydrocabon) yokha
TH2: mO> 0, mu formula ya maselo kuphatikiza C, H, O
Pezani kuchuluka kwa timadontho ta chinthu chilichonse, ndikuyika chiŵerengero cha molar
(3)
Gawo 5:Mkangano wa CTPT wa organic compounds: M = (CxHyOz)n => n, M
Mutu 5. Zotengera za Hydrocarbon – Ma polima
Mulingo wa mowa
Lingaliro:Mowa umatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa moles wa mowa wa ethyl womwe umapezeka mu 100 ml ya osakaniza mowa ndi madzi.
Fomula yowerengera mowa:
Fomula yowerengera kachulukidwe
D = m/V (g/ml)
Zolimbitsa thupi kuti mugwiritse ntchito
Funso 1:Lolani 23 magalamu a mowa wa ethyl achite ndi sodium wochuluka. Kodi mpweya wa H2 wotulutsidwa (dktc) ndi wotani?
Ndime 2: Lolani 23 magalamu a mowa wa ethyl achite ndi sodium wochuluka. Kodi mpweya wa H2 wotulutsidwa (dktc) ndi wotani?
Funso 3:Pa malita 11.2 a mpweya wa ethylene (dktc) amachita ndi madzi okhala ndi sulfuric acid (H2SO4) monga chothandizira, kutulutsa 9.2 magalamu a mowa wa ethyl. Kodi kuchita bwino ndi chiyani?
Funso 4:Kodi buku la mowa koyera chofunika kuwonjezera 60 ml ya 40o mowa njira 60o mowa?
Funso 5.Mpweya wa CO2 umapangidwa pamene mowa wonyezimira, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumalowetsedwa mu njira yowonjezera ya Ca (OH) 2 kuti ipange 40 magalamu a mpweya. Unyinji wa mowa wa ethyl womwe umapezeka ndi
Ndime 6.Sungunulani 23.8 g wa mchere wa M2CO3 ndi RCO3 mu HCl ndipo 0.2 mol wa gasi amatulutsidwa. Kodi ndi magalamu angati a mchere wa anhydrous omwe amapezeka akathira madziwo?
Ndime 7.Kwa magalamu 20,15 osakaniza a 2 monofunctional saturated acids omwe amachita zokwanira ndi yankho la Na2CO3, malita a V a mpweya wa CO2 ndi yankho la mchere amapezeka. Anaumitsa njirayo ndikupeza 28.96 magalamu a mchere. Mtengo wa V ndi chiyani?
Ndime 8.Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mg wa organic compound A kumafuna magalamu 11.2 a mpweya wa okosijeni, kutulutsa magalamu 8.8 a CO2 ndi 5.4 magalamu a H2O. Pa dtc ya malita 2.24, gasi A ali ndi kulemera kwa 3 magalamu. Dziwani CTPT ya A?
Ndime 9:Tsegulani dera X lili ndi njira C3Hy. Chotengera chokhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika chimakhala ndi chisakanizo cha X ndi O2 mpweya wotsalira pa 150ºC, ndi kukakamiza kwa 2 atm. Yatsani spark kuti muyatse X ndiye bweretsani tanki ku 150ºC, kupanikizika kukadali 2 atm. Kodi mamolekyu a X ndi chiyani?
Funso 10: Pamene 15 mg wa chinthu A chatenthedwa kwathunthu, CO2 yokha ndi nthunzi yamadzi imapezeka, mphamvu yake yonse imachepetsedwa kufika 22.4 ml. GNP ya A?
21 9th kalasi mankhwala formulas kukumbukira
Malamulo a Conservation of Chemistry Grade 9
Lamulo la kasungidwe ka misa
Zomwe zili m’malamulo zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino motere: “Muzochita za mankhwala, chiwerengero chonse cha mankhwala ndi chofanana ndi chiwerengero cha misala ya reactants”.
Kuchuluka kwa reactants = Kuchuluka kwazinthu
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa apa ndi izi: zomwe zimachitika, ngati pali gasi kapena mvula, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kuyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mwachitsanzo:Sodium + Madzi kuti apange sodium hydroxide ndi mpweya wa hydrogen
Malinga ndi lamulo la kasamalidwe tili ndi: m(sodium) + m(madzi) = m(sodium hydroxide) – m(hydrogen)
Zochita pa Lamulo la Conservation of Mass:
Zochita 1: Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa 9 magalamu a chitsulo cha magnesium (Mg) mumlengalenga kumatulutsa 15 g ya osakaniza a magnesium oxide (MgO). Zimadziwika kuti kuyaka kwa chitsulo cha magnesium kumachitika pamene imachita ndi mpweya mumlengalenga komanso kuti zomwe zimachitika zimatha.
a. Lembani zomwe zili pamwambazi.
b. Lembani chilinganizo cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuchitika.
c. Werengani kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa okosijeni.
Ntchito 2: Kuwotcha m(g) wa kaboni kumafuna 16g ya okosijeni kuti kutulutsa 22g wa carbon dioxide. Werengani m
Lamulo la kasungidwe ka ma elekitironi
Pochita redox, kuchuluka kwa ma moles a ma electron omwe wothandizira kuchepetsa amapereka ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha moles wa ma electron omwe oxidizing agent amavomereza.
ne giving = osalandira
Lamuloli nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto apamwamba a chemistry m’kalasi 9. Ngati mukuyenera kutenga nawo mbali mu gulu la mpikisano, muyenera kumvetsetsa lamuloli.
9 Chemistry ntchito zingapo zosankha zingapo
Funso 1. Kuti muchepetse 11.2 magalamu a 20% KOH, ndi magalamu angati a H2SO435% acid solution yomwe idzafunike.
a. 9g pa
b. 4.6g pa
c. 5.6g ku
d. 1.7g ku
Funso 2. Choyamba sungunulani 23.5 magalamu a K2O m’madzi. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito 250ml ya HCl kuti muchepetse yankho lomwe lili pamwambapa. Werengetsani kuchuluka kofunikira kwa HCl.
a. 1.5M
b. 2.0 EMA
c. 2.5 M
d. 3.0 M.
Funso 3. Dziwani kuti mu zosakaniza za sulfure, sulufule imakhala ndi 50%. Compound ili ndi formula:
a.SO3
b. H2SO4
c. KuS.
d. SO2 ndi.
Funso 4. Yatsani kwathunthu 6.72 magalamu a malasha mumlengalenga. Voliyumu ya CO 2 yopezeka ku dtc ndi:
a. 12,445 malita
b. 125.44 malita
c. 12,544 malita
d. 12,454 malita.
Funso 5: Mu ma oxide otsatirawa. Ndi ma oxides ati omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mayankho ofunikira?
a.CaO, CO2Fe2O3.
b. K2O, Fe2O3, CaO
c. K2O, SO3, CaO
d. CO2, P2O5, SO2
Funso 6: Mpweya wa Sulfur dioxide SO 2 ndi wopangidwa ndi zinthu ziti mwa izi? Sankhani yankho lolondola?
a. K2SO4 ndi HCl.
b. K2SO4 ndi NaCl.
Na2SO4 ndi CuCl2
d.Na2SO3 ndi H2SO4
Funso 7: Kusungunula 2.4 magalamu a chitsulo okusayidi ya valence II mu 21.9 magalamu a 10% HCl yankho ndikwanira. Ndi ma oxide ati mwa awa omwe ali oksidi?
a. Kuo
b. Wapamwamba
c. MgO
d. FeO
Funso 8: Kuti mupeze matani 5.6 a quicklime ndi 95% yogwira ntchito bwino, ndi CaCO3 yochuluka bwanji yomwe ikufunika?
a. 10 matani
b. 9.5 tani
c. 10,526 matani
d. 111.11 matani .
Funso 9: Sungunulani kwathunthu 1.44g ya valence zitsulo II ndi 250ml ya H2SO40.3M yankho. Kuti muchepetse asidi ochulukirapo, gwiritsani ntchito 60ml ya 0.5M NaOH yankho. Ndi chitsulo chanji chimenecho?
A. Ca
b. Mg
c. Zn
d. Atate.
Funso 10. Kuwotcha 48 magalamu a Sulfure ndi mpweya wa okosijeni, pambuyo pake, 96 magalamu a mpweya wa Sulfuro amapezeka. Kuchuluka kwa oxygen yomwe imachitika ndi:
A.40g
ku 44g
ku 48g
D.52g
Funso 11: An okusayidi wa zitsulo R (valence II). Momwe R zitsulo zimawerengera 71.43% ndi misa. Njira ya oxide ndi:
A. FeO
B. MgO
C. CaO
D. ZnO
Funso 12: Kusungunula kwathunthu 1.3g ya zinki, 14.7g ya H2SO420% yankho ikufunika. Pamapeto pa zomwe zimachitika, kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni komwe kumapezeka ndi:
A.0.03g
B. 0.04g
C. 0.05g
D. 0.06g
Funso 13: Kusungunula 5 magalamu achitsulo R (osadziwika valency) kumafuna magalamu 36.5 okwanira a 25% HCl solution. Chitsulo R ndi:
A. Mg
B. Fe
C. Ca
D. Zn
Funso 14: Onjezani magalamu 10.5 osakaniza zitsulo ziwiri Zn ndi Cu mu njira yowonjezera yowonjezera H2SO4, kutulutsa malita 2.24 a gasi (dktc). Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chilichonse pakusakaniza koyambirira ndi:
A. 61.9% ndi 38.1%
B. 50% ndi 50%
40% ndi 60%
D. 30% ndi 70%
Funso 15: Kusungunula kwathunthu 7.8 magalamu a chitsulo cha valence I m’madzi kumapereka yankho la maziko a X ndi malita 2.24 a H2 (dktc). Dzina la valence metal I ndi:
A. Sodium.
B. Siliva.
C. Dong.
D. Kali.
Fomula 9 imawerengera kupindula ndi kutayika kwakukulu
Kuchuluka kwa botolo kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa reactant yowerengedwa ndi formula
m thanki = mCO2+ mH2O
Kuchuluka kwa yankho kunatsika ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuchotsera kuchuluka kwa botolo kumawonjezeka ndi chilinganizo
mdd kuchepa = kuwerengera-kuwonjezeka kwakukulu
Kuwonjezeka kwa misa ya yankho ndikofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya botolo kuchotsera misa yokhazikika molingana ndi chilinganizo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa Mdd= kuwonjezeka kwakukulu – md precipitate
Ngati palibe madzi omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide kumawerengedwa ndi chilinganizo
mCO2= mprecipitated-mdd yochepetsedwa mawonekedwe
m = nM pamene m ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chiyenera kufufuzidwa, n ndi chiwerengero cha moles, M molecular mass
Fomula yowerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri chifukwa cha zinthu zomwezo
dA/B=MA/MB= mA/mB
Fomula yowerengera kachulukidwe
D = m/V pomwe m ndi kuchuluka kwa yankho, ndipo V ndi kuchuluka kwa yankho pamikhalidwe yoyenera.
Onaninso: Scorpio Male Ideal Model, chizindikiro cha Zodiac
Mitundu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi okhudzana ndi formula 9
Mitundu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi okhudzana ndi formula 9 imaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amafunsa za misa, voliyumu ya molar, momwe angalembe ma equation a machitidwe a mankhwala azinthu pochita ndi zitsulo zidulo ndi maziko …
Kuthana ndi mitundu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi, muyenera kudziwa chiphunzitso chokhudzana ndi zitsulo, mankhwala a acid oxides, ma oxides oyambira, katundu wa mchere wochuluka … Kenako gwiritsani ntchito njira zowerengera voliyumu. zofunikira pamavuto. Kupatula apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo losunga misa kapena lamulo losunga ma elekitironi kuti muthane ndi vutoli mosavuta.
Ntchito 1: Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa 11.2 malita a methane gasi. Werengani kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa gasi yemwe amayezedwa mokhazikika
Njira yothetsera:
Chiwerengero cha mankhwala: CH4+ 2O2-> CO2+ 2H2O (1)
IkaniMa formula a mankhwala a 9th grade kukumbukiraPonena za kuchuluka kwa timadontho ta mpweya pamikhalidwe yokhazikika, tili ndi n (methane) = 11.2: 22.4 = 0.5 (mol)
Kuchokera ku nambala ya equation ya mankhwala (1), tili ndi ma moles a Oxygen omwe tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kawiri kuchuluka kwa moles wa methane => kuti tiwotche kwathunthu timafunikira 1 mole ya okosijeni -> timafunikira 22.4 (malita) a Oxygen.
Komanso kuchokera ku chemical equation (1), tili ndi ma moles a carbon dioxide opangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha moles wa methane => kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide ndi 11.2 (malita).
Ntchito 2: Kuwotcha malita 4.48 a ethylene gasi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito
a) ndi malita angati a oxib) ndi malita angati a mpweya omwe ali ndi 20% ndi kuchuluka kwa okosijeni
Dziwani kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyezedwa pamikhalidwe yokhazikika
Njira yothetsera:
Chiwerengero cha mankhwala: C2H4+ 3O2-> 2CO2+ 2H2O (1)
IkaniMa formula a mankhwala a 9th grade kukumbukiraza kuchuluka kwa timadontho ta mpweya pamikhalidwe yokhazikika, tili ndi n (ethylene) = 4.48: 22.4 = 0.2 (mol)
